Thursday, October 22, 2009

Networks & Communications

Node
A node is a "connection point" in a network. It is either the distribution point or the end point of for data transmissions. A node is programmed to transfer, process as well as receiving transmissions to/from the other nodes. The modem, router, hub, or bridge is made up of a programme of network nodes .

Client
A client is a browser where a user requests for pages from the servers across the web. In other word, a Client is a system that accesses a remote service on server. Clients are also classified under 3 main categories, they are Fat Client, Hybrid Client, and Thin Client.

Server
A server is a programme running in a computer that handles requests for browsers. At the same time, they provide services for their users from other computers. Also, any devices or computers sending out information or services can be called as a Server. A server is famous for its use to host online games or LAN games.

Hub
A hub is a connection point between the devices in a network. A hub contains multiple ports that are used to connect the Segments in a LAN. They also connect multiple twisted pair or fibre optic Ethernal devices together so that they could work as a single network segment. There are 3 main types of hubs, a passive hub, a active hub, and an intelligent hub.

Below is a diagram of a client-server.




Network Interface Card (NIC)
It is an expansion board that users insert into the computer system so that the computer can connect to the network. It is usually called NIC or a network card. Most NICs are designed for a particular type of network, protocol, and media.
an expansion board you insert into a computer so the computer can be connected to a network. The card communicates with the central wireless switch or hub via radio waves.

Below is an image of a Network Interface Card (NIC)




Network Operating System (NOS)
A NOS is a system that connects the computer and devices to the LAN. The system supports workstation, personal computer, and also some older terminals. Some example of NOSs are Netware and Microsoft LAN's Manager. They provide printer sharing, common file system, and also database sharing as well as application sharing. Also, they have the ability to manage a network name directory and also its security.

Distributed Processing
Distributed Processing means that a computer system uses more than one computer or processor to run applications. An example is the parallel processing in which a computer contains more than 1 CPU to execute its programmes. Most of these systems contain sophisticated software that detects idles on the network and then parcels out programmes to solve them.

Below is an image of a Distributed Processing, where a computer uses more than 1 processor/CPU to run its applications.



Host Computer
A Host Computer is a computer that is attached to a network, and then provides services like acting as a store-and-forward processor or communication switch. It acts as the main computer connected to the other computers to which it provides data or computing services via a network. It is very similar to a Server.

Network Manager
It is also known as the Network Administrator. It is a software ultility aimed at simplifying the uses of computer networks. Also, it ensures the network's security, performances and also the reliability. It works by collecting counterparts and data for LAN Network Manager. It is developed by Microsoft in cooperation with 3Com Corporation.

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